ブックタイトルRILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

概要

RILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

American Beef and Nuclear Power Plants: Risk Management of Complex Technological Systems and the Precautionary Principleimplementing the precautionary principle, not simplyfoolhardily following the verdict from cost-benefitcalculations.NOTE? An earlier version of this paper was presented at the FourthEast Asian Humanities Conference held at Waseda Universityfrom December 7-10, 2012. I am grateful for thecomments and discussions generously offered by the participants.The editorial advice was also quite helpful. I appreciateit.? For further discussion of this issue, see Hacking 1995.Notice that Hacking does not side entirely with ontologicalrelativism. He recognizes the clear physical/biologicalaspects of severe mental disease, and he is known for hisstrong realistic position on scientific entities, which hebelieves we can manipulate to produce observable effects.See Hacking 2000 and 2002 on this.? For a classical discussion of the distinction between riskand uncertainty, especially in the context of economic decision-making,see Knight 1984. A more broad examination ofthe distinction, including questioning the legitimacy of thedistinction itself in actual situations, can be found in Posner2005 and Sunstein 2007.? For a detailed discussion of the role the international riskgovernanceregime plays in the case of imported beef inSouth Korea, see Ha 2011. A more internal analysis of thecase can be found in Seong and Jeong 2008.? See Gregory and Miller 1998 for a general discussion onthe problem of the“deficit model.”? See Sunstein 2005 for a comprehensive discussion of tacklinglow-probability risk cases. I do think that Sunstein is tooharsh on the regulatory effectiveness of the“Precautionary”principle, but nevertheless, his warning on the misuse of theprinciple is worth considering.? Professor Hee Jong Woo, an expert in prion and BSE aswell as an influential critic of the government’s position duringthe American-Beef case, had strongly emphasized thispoint in many interviews and public talks.? This common tradition of“fair”reporting started as aneffort to be as unbiased as possible in dealing with highlycontroversial political disputes. To see how harmful thisseemingly innocuous custom can be when it comes to scientificreporting, see Nelkin’s classic analysis (Nelkin 1995)and Oreskes and Conway’s revealing examination of a numberof cases (Oreskes and Conway 2010).? Similar situations developed in America relating to globalwarming and climate change issues. See Dessler and Parson2006, and Oreskes and Conway 2010. For more internationaldiscussions of the issues, see Bolin 2007 and Giddens 2009.? For a general survey of nuclear power plants and policy,see Kim 2011.? Rifkin 2011.? Dryzek 1997.? I studied the need to expand risk considerations in Yi 2005,2010, and ways to increase public participation in technologicalplanning in Yi 2011a.ReferencesBeck, Ulrich 1992, Risk Society, London: Sage.Bolin, Bert 2007, A History of the Science and Politics of ClimateChange, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dessler, Andrew and Parson, Edward 2006, The Science andPolitics of Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.Diamond, Jared 2005, Collapse: How Societies Choose or Failto Survive, London: Allen Lane.Douglas, Mary 1966, Purity and Danger, New York: Prager.Douglas, Mary and Wildavsky, Aaron 1983, Risk and Culture,Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Dryzek, John 1997, The Politics of the Earth, Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.Elster, Jon 1986, Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationalityand Irrationality, revised edition, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.Giddens, Anthony 2009, The Politics of Climate Change, Cambridge,MA: Polity Press.Gregory, Jane and Miller, Steve 1998, Science in Public: Communication,Culture, and Credibility, Cambridge, MA:Basic Books.Ha, Dae-Cheong 2011,“The Social Construction of BSE Risk:SRM as a Socio-Technological Construct and MM Type inthe‘Styles of Scientific Practice’,”ECO 15(2): 225-268.(in Korean)Hacking, Ian 1995, Rewriting the Soul, Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press.Hacking, Ian 2000, The Social Construction of What?, Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.Hacking, Ian 2002, Mad Travelers: Reflections on the Realityof Transient Mental Illness, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UniversityPress.Jasanoff, Sheila and Martello, Marybeth T. 2004, Earthly Politics:Local and Global in Environmental Governance,Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Jasanoff, Sheila 2005, Designs on Nature: Science and Democracyin Europe and the United States, Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.Kim, Myung Ja 2011, Atomic Power Dilemma, Seoul: Sciencebooks(in Korean)Knight, Frank 1964, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, New York:Century Press.Nelkin, Dorothy 1995, Selling Science: How the Press CoversScience and Technology, 2 nd revised edition, New York:W.H. Freeman and Co.Oreskes, Naomi and Conway, Erik M. 2010, Merchants ofDoubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth onIssues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming, NewYork: Bloomsbury Press.Posner, Richard 2005, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, NewYork: Oxford University Press.Rifkin, Jeremy 2011, The Third Industrial Revolution: HowLateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy andthe World, New York: St. Martin’s Press.Seong, Jieun and Jeong, Byung-gul 2008,“Politicized Risk andFailed Management of Technological Risk,”Journal ofScience and Technology Studies 8(2): 27-56. (in Korean)115