ブックタイトルRILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

概要

RILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 1 (2013. 10)中国大?安全文化?展的?史回?中国大?安全文化?展的?史回? (1)(清?大学社科学院科学技?与社会研究所北京100084)? ? (2)?文提要安全文化指建立在生命至上价? ?和危机意?之上的, ?括?防事故的制度法?、防?知?、?急措施行? ?范、安全?价体系以及救助? ?的?合体系。中国大?从1986年引入安全文化概念, ?行了自上而下的建?模式, ? ?了概念引入(1986-1993)、概念推广(1993-2000)、?践?用与理?研究(2000-2006)和全面建? (2006-)4个?段,初?建立了安全生?制度,在大中型生?企?推广安全生?理念,初? ?展了安全文化理?研究,在技? ? ?、工程文化、安全文化、核?急? ?、切? ? ?利核? ?史和福?核? ?后果分析等方面已取得一些研究成果。安全文化需要理?与?践相?合、公?广泛参与、多学科交叉和国?合作才有望全面?展。? ? ? :切? ? ?利核? ?安全文化中国大?清?大学Historical Review:Development of Safety Culture on the Chinese MainlandBao OuAbstractSafety culture, which is based on the value of supremacy of life and a sense of crisis, is a comprehensive system includinglaws and regulations designed to prevent accidents. It includes a code of conduct for safety protection, emergency measures,a safety evaluation system as well as salvage habits. The introduction of safety culture to the Chinese mainland began in 1986following the implementation of a top-down construction plan. The process of implementation can be divided into fourstages: Introduction of the concept (1986-1993); Promotion of the concept (1993-2000); Practical application and theoreticalresearch (2000-2006); and Overall construction (2006-). Regulations surrounding safe production were initiallyestablished and promoted among large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Theoretical studies of safety culturehave made some achievements in understanding technical risk, engineering culture, safety culture, nuclear emergencyresponse institutions, the history of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and the Fukushima nuclear disaster. The all-round developmentof safety culture requires a combination of theory and practice, extensive public participation, interdisciplinary andinternational cooperation.Keywords: Chernobyl nuclear disaster; safety culture; Chinese mainland; Tsinghua University1.引言什?是安全文化? ?有的中文文献中最流行的解答? :安全文化是“存在于?位和人?中的特征和?度的?和。它?定安全第一的?念,使防?与安全??由于其重要性而保?得到?有的重?。”(3)作者?? ,上述安全文化概念存在如下缺陷:第一,主体范? ?窄, ?限于生?企? ;第二,内涵?于?薄, ?? ?了安全第一的理念;第三, ?段文字?自外文文献,存在明?的翻?痕迹,文字表?不明? ,不易于135