ブックタイトルRILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

概要

RILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 1 (2013. 10)文化的景観の危機と再生文化的景観の危機と再生──東アジアの村落景観をめぐって──海老澤衷Crisis and Regeneration of the Cultural Landscape: The Rural Landscape of East AsiaTadashi EBISAWAAbstractThis paper summarizes the keynote speeches delivered at the 4th International Forum on the Humanities in EastAsia, themed“Crises and Regeneration: Globalism, Disasters and Tradition.”Since the Meiji Restoration, Japanhas introduced learning from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and other European countries with the aimof catching up to advanced nations in all areas. Historical knowledge is no exception, particularly medieval history,with the feudal system; manorial system; order of chivalry; and medieval cities in England, France, andGermany drawing special attention. A strong recent trend has been to focus on feudal society, common to bothJapan and Europe. While researchers have given perfunctory consideration to the differences between the paddyfarming society of East Asia and the wheat-and-livestock farming society of Europe, their passion has been investigatingthe commonalities between Japan and Europe.Since the 1970s, Japan’s rapid economic growth has been accompanied by striking changes in rural communities.With a sense of impending crisis, historical researchers have appealed to the nation to preserve its recordswhile“land consolidation projects”have uprooted the rural landscape. The cultural property authorities carriedout various initiatives, but with insufficient results. In the 1990s, this rural crisis came up in the agricultural discussionsat the Uruguay Round, resulting in a global course of action to make this matter a very serious priority,particularly in Europe, and to protect traditional agriculture and the rural landscape.In Japan, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries started adopting policies from the beginning of the21st century to preserve the terraced rice fields on mountain slopes, reflecting European environmental policy inits conservation policies, particularly through the“Agricultural Museums Project.”While many people showed aninterest in Tashibunosho in Bungo Province (Bungotakada, Oita), a 13 th century village site discovered by theauthor in 1980, that landscape later came close to crisis. However, in the 21 st century, plans have been put in placefor its preservation, and the medieval scene was revived.This trend is seen all across East Asia, with China and Indonesia making even more radical rural conservationplans than Japan. Nevertheless, urbanization is on the rise all across East Asia, and the traditional rural scene ofpaddy field agriculture is in major crisis. It is time to learn from rural Europe once more.はじめに本論文は、「危機と再生─グローバリズム・災害・伝統文化─」をテーマとする第4回東アジア人文学フォーラムにおける基調講演をまとめたものである。筆者は、日本中世史を専攻しており、最近ある学会からの依頼により一冊の専門書を書評することになった。京都大学名誉教授大山喬平氏によって2012年3月28日に岩波書店から刊行された本である。書名は『日本中世のムラと神々』。「ムラ」?は漢字を宛てれば「村」であるが、大山氏は古代において「村」という漢字が日本に移入される前から65