ブックタイトルRILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

概要

RILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 1 (2013. 10)天?、荒政与天人?念之?生天?、荒政与天人?念之?生沈立岩?文提要中国自古即?自然?害最? ?重的国度之一,自商周以来,有?自然?害之? ?即史不? ?。?夏先民?了抗御自然?害付出了?苦卓?的努力,荒政制度遂于周代始?而初成,并?中国?代的防?、救?政策?生了深?的影? ,中国文化独特的天人?念亦于焉始奠。本文?就?世文献所?先秦?期之自然?害、?境危机的典型事件及因?之策?行考察, ?合考古?料、?境史等研究之成果,追索自然?害、?境危机在中国早期社会与文化形成?程中留下的深刻印? ,探求?夏先民在面?自然?害与?境危机?之? ?的心理体?与行?反? ,梳理中国文化天人?念萌蘖生成的?史?迹与? ?脉?。本文的? ?是,自然?害、?境危机及其造成的? ?性体?乃是人?生活和?史的一个有机?成部分,在中国社会和文化的早期?段亦同? ?生了?烈而深刻的影? , ?于此? ? ?的集体? ?、行? ? ?与精神超越,成?中国文化独特品格的一个特殊渊源。? ? ? :自然?害、荒政、先秦社会、天人?念Natural Calamities, Anti-Calamity, and a View of Nature and HumansLiyan ShenAbstractHuman society has always faced the crises and challenges that result from natural calamities. These calamities influence thedevelopment of social form and cultural concepts. The source of a type of culture should evaluate various factors, such as thebiological potential of humans, the intrinsic potential of the environment, and its interactional processes and history. Environmentalfactors enjoy priority in the interaction between humans and the environment. However, at the same time, humanbeings are adaptable and have initiative. Humans adapt the environment through selectivity, and these choices are rich incontingency. Based on this judgment, this paper investigates documents handed down before the Zhou Dynasty, whereinnatural disasters, environmental crises, and coping strategies are recorded. Combined with archaeological materials andenvironmental studies, this paper discusses the psychology and behavior of the Huaxia primitives who faced natural disastersand environmental crises. In addition, the complex influence on early Chinese society, specifically on its unique experienceand conception of nature and humans, is discussed.?拓《中国救荒史》云:“我国?荒之多,世罕其匹,就文献所可征者言, ?自西? ?元前十八世? ,直至?元后二十世?之今日,此三千数百年? ,几于无年无? ,从亦无年不荒。西欧学者,甚有称我国?‘?荒之国度’(The Land of Famine)者, ?非?言。”(1)但可以想? ,文献可征的自然?害当非? ??生的自然?害之全部──年代越古? ,文献失?的可能性无疑就越高。如今,基于文献的? ?数据正日?完? (2) ,生? ?境的考古研究也提供了越来越?富的?据。大体来? ,中国自古即? ?害? ?且? ??重的国家, ?一点已?不同?域的研究所? ?。不?令?者?感困惑的是,一?是? ? ?仍的? ? , ?一?却是不无?意的“天人合一”的表述,那? ,如此?重的自然?害在?夏先民的心?中究竟留下了怎81