ブックタイトルRILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

概要

RILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 3 (2015. 10)日中両国における人文学の概念形成日中両国における人文学の概念形成──「整理国故」と「封建」を中心に武藤秀太郎The Concept Formation of“Humanities”in Japan and ChinaShutaro MUTOAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the concept formation of“humanities”in Japan and China withspecial reference to two scholars: the Japanese scholar Kuwahara Jitsuzo (1871-1931) and Chinese scholarHu Shih (1891-1962).Kuwahara Jitsuzo was born in Fukui, Japan. After graduating from the Third High School (Sanko) in1893, he studied Sinology at the Faculty of Literature, Tokyo Imperial University, graduating in 1896. Jitsuzocontinued his education in graduate school where he studied orient history(Toyoshi). He is known asa pioneer of Toyoshi, which occupied an important place in the study of humanities in prewar Japan. Jitsuzopublished“Chuto Toyoshi (Oriental history for secondary school)”in 1898, and it became one of the mostpopular and standard textbooks in China as well as Japan. Later, his son Kuwahara Takeo was also a famousscholar of French literature and culture.Hu Shih was born in Anhui, China. He went to the United States in 1910 as a scholar on the BoxerIndemnity Scholarship Program. Shih studied philosophy under the guidance of John Dewey at ColumbiaUniversity, and in 1917 became a professor at Peking University where he took the lead in China’s new culturemovement. His essay“Wenxue gailiang chuyi (Some proposals for the reform in literature, 1917)”triggered the spread of new literature in Chinese vernacular.“Zhongguo zhexueshi dagang (Outline of thehistory of Chinese philosophy, 1919),”based on Shih’s Ph.D. dissertation, analyzed the history of Chineseancient philosophy in a positive and scientific approach, creating a great sensation in the Chinese academia.Jitsuzo and Shih thusly made remarkable achievements in humanities of Japan and China. It is interestingto note that Shih’s views on oriental history were strongly influenced by Jitsuzo’s theory. This paperclarifies the relationships between Kuwahara Jitsuzo and Hu Shih, shedding new light on Japanese andChinese humanities in the first half of the 20 th century.はじめに本シンポジウムの正タイトル、副タイトルにそれぞれみえる「人文学」という語は今日、英語である“Humanities”の定訳として、日中韓、さらにはベトナムを含めた漢字文化圏で通用している。こうした西洋に由来する学問分野の訳語である漢字語には、大きく2つのタイプがある。1つは、哲学(Philosophy)や体育(Physical education)のように、翻訳を通じ、新たに創造された語である。もう1つは、もともと存在した熟語を借用する形で生まれた語である。政治、法律、経済、倫理、物理などがこれにあたる。人文学の「人文」も、『易経』に「観乎天文、以察時変、観乎人文、以化成天下(天文を観て、以て時変を察し、人文を観て、以て天下を化成す)」とあるように、古代より存在した語であった。この儒教の経典にみえる「人文」とは、もともと礼教、礼楽を意味していたと考えられる。これはも263