ブックタイトルRILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

概要

RILAS 早稲田大学総合人文科学研究センター研究誌

WASEDA RILAS JOURNAL NO. 3 (2015. 10)『華厳経』と日本古代国家『華厳経』と日本古代国家中林隆之The Avatamska Sutra and Ancient JapanTakayuki NAKABAYASHIAbstractSixty volumes of the Avatamska Sutra were received and distributed in the Japanese islands up to theseventh century, as were eighty volumes up to the eighth century. Based upon this work, Emperor Shomu,Empress Komyo, and others accomplished such feats as constructing Todaiji Temple and the Birushana Buddha.A reading system was also provided for all sutras focusing on the Avatamska Sutra premised uponcopying the complete Buddhist scriptures around the time of the construction of the Great Buddha and thefounding of the Six Sects of Nara, led by the Kegon sect, as an organization of learned priests managingtheir portion of the reading . Among the sutras for the Kegon Sect, the leader of the Six Sects, to readwere the Avatamska Sutra and its different versions and partial versions, but, in addition to these, theTath?gatagarbha S?tra, the Bh?miS?tra and the Lankavatara Sutra Buddhist scriptures were also significant.In addition, annotated documents were not written only by Hozo, who successfully completed theTokagenshu; there were also many writings by Wonhyo of Silla. For many of the Kyoron for reading, theShorai Kyoron from Tang China were copied as original texts. For annotated documents, however, manyoriginal texts were obtained from Silla such as sutras in the possession of Shinsho. With the Shingon andTendai sects flourishing in the Heian Period, even while its teachings were changing, the Kegon Sect continuedto maintain some influence through such activities as those of the Todaiji, Yakushiji, and KaiinjiTemples.はじめに今回の発表テーマは、「日本古代における『華厳経』の意義」である。そのことを以下の三つの角度から考えてみたい。第一は、『華厳経』の受容と活用の政治的・社会的な含意について。とりわけ『華厳経』と王権・国家との関係のあり方に注目したい。第二に『華厳経』を、古代社会に流通した諸思想全般、すなわち仏教経典・教学はもとより、仏典以外の典籍・学問・思想などとの関係の中に位置づけながらその推移を把握する。第三に、『華厳経』をはじめとした関連の漢訳仏典やその注釈書(章疏類)にみられる教学の受容のあり方について、東アジアの地域世界、具体的には唐・新羅・渤海などとの関係を踏まえてみていく。以上の観点から、日本古代における『華厳経』とその関連経典およびそれらの教学の果たした役割について概括的に論じてみたい。1.『華厳経』の受容と東大寺大仏『華厳経』そのものの受容の概略から押さえておこう。『華厳経』という文言の初見は、『続日本紀』養老六年(722)十一月二十九日条である。この日、351